Culms to 2 times wider than thick, 35-60(-70) cm × 0.5-1.3 mm, hard, usually with to 10 blunt ribs, at 20X often finely ridged and minutely granular. Leaves: distal leaf sheaths brown to reddish. Spikelets 3-12 × 3-4 mm; proximal scale amplexicaulous, 3.5-4 mm, midrib region very broad and fleshy, apex entire; subproximal scale with a flower; floral scales 30-40, 8-10 per mm of rachilla, orange-brown to stramineous, midrib region stramineous, broadly ovate, papery or sometimes membranous, 3-4 × 2 mm, apex entire, rounded. Flowers: perianth bristles present, sometimes rudimentary, brown, length variable, obscurely retrorsely spinulose; anthers brown, 1.7-2.2 mm. Achenes subdeltoid in outline, sometimes broadly obpyriform, equilaterally trigonous, angles prominent, 0.9-1.2 × 0.7-1.1 mm, apex truncate. Tubercles sessile, depressed-pyramidal, often apiculate, as wide as achene, 0.3-0.5 × 0.7-1.1 mm. Fruiting summer. Fresh, oligotrophic, acid, sandy or peaty, often drying shores, ponds, ditches; 10-300 m; Ala., Fla., Ga., Ind., Mass., Mich., N.Y., N.C., R.I., S.C., Tex., Va. Eleocharis melanocarpa is reported from Rhode Island; I have not seen a voucher specimen.
Densely cespitose perennial; stems 2-6 dm, wiry, flattened, sometimes proliferous at the tip; sheaths truncate and prominently mucronulate; spikelet narrowly ovoid, 6-15 mm, obtuse, many-fld; scales firm, obtuse; bristles short or vestigial; anthers ca 1.3-2 mm; achene obpyramidal, trigonous with rounded angles, dark brown, 1 mm, truncate above; tubercle very flat, covering the summit of the achene and somewhat projecting at the margin, slightly elevated in the middle. Wet sand and pine- barrens, mostly near the coast; Mass. to Fla. and Tex., and inland in Mich. and Ind.
Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.