Rhizomes 2-5 mm thick; internodes 2-5 cm. Culms 2-14, erect, unbranched, jointed, aphyllo-podic, terete, 20-100 cm × 2-5 mm; internodes hollow. Leaves: sheaths 2-14, bladeless, green, often with white dots in intervenal areas, with brown-hyaline 1-2 mm margin at mouth, firm; blades 3-15 per culm, 3-ranked, ascending, thick, 4-15 cm × 1-8 mm, ± leathery, glabrous; distal 5-20 leaves serving as bracts. Inflorescences 6-30 cm; spikes 1-17, in sheath axils, 2-5 cm. Spikelets 2-ranked, appressed-ascending to ascending-spreading, linear-lanceolate, flat, 1.5-3 cm × 1.2-2.5 mm; rachilla winged, wings hyaline, usually containing spongy tissue proximally, occasionally ciliate; scales decurrent, spongy-based, 5-9.5 × 1.4-2.4 mm, each subtending flower. Flowers 2-ranked, sessile; scales green with gold-hyaline margins; perianth bristles 6-9, 4-7.5 mm, stiff; stamens 3, longer than perianth bristles; pistils 1, 2-carpellate; styles 1, 3.8-6 mm, base persistent on achene; stigmas 2, 1-3.8 mm. Achene stipitate, 2-4 × 0.8-1.1 mm (excluding style base), shorter than perianth bristles.
Erect, 3-10 dm; lvs numerous, the lower bladeless, the upper sheaths often overlapping; blades mostly 5-15 cm נ2.5-8 mm; peduncles scarcely exserted; spikes 1-3 cm; spikelets 10-25 mm; scales 5-8 mm, narrow, acuminate, several-nerved; achene short- stipitate, 2.5-3 mm, beaked with the long, slender, persistent style; 2n=32. Swamps and marshes; Nf. to Minn., s. to Fla. and Tex.; B.C. to Calif. and Mont.
Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.